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Estimated reading time: 9 minutes

• Use a sample Docker project as an example to configure GitHub Actions; Set up the GitHub Actions workflow; Optimize your workflow to reduce the number of pull requests and the total build time, and finally, Push only specific versions to Docker Hub. Set up a Docker project. Let’s get started. This guide uses a simple Docker project as an example.
• CIS Benchmarks help you safeguard systems, software, and networks against today's evolving cyber threats.
• Pinning a package to an exact version carries the risk that the package will be dropped from the repo, and your Dockerfile will fail to build in the future. The official recommendation can be read here, citation below. Alternately, you could simply set a minimum package version instead of an exact version.
• Distribution specific Dockerfiles that fix these issues are available in the distros directory. The distribution specific Dockerfiles may also help if the distribution you're using hasn't yet shipped Docker version 1.13.0 or later. Docker Bench for Security options.

These are a slightly modified version of the standard script and pin the installation to a specific Docker engine version. Exact patch releases are also available as 1.sh, e.g. Note: If you are launching a host from the UI, you can select which version of Docker you’d like to install on the host.

This page guides you through the process of setting up a GitHub Action CI/CD pipeline with Docker containers. Before setting up a new pipeline, we recommend that you take a look at Ben’s blog on CI/CD best practices .

This guide contains instructions on how to:

1. Use a sample Docker project as an example to configure GitHub Actions
2. Set up the GitHub Actions workflow
3. Optimize your workflow to reduce the number of pull requests and the total build time, and finally,
4. Push only specific versions to Docker Hub.

Set up a Docker project

Let’s get started. This guide uses a simple Docker project as an example. The SimpleWhaleDemo repository contains an Ngnix alpine image. You can either clone this repository, or use your own Docker project.

Before we start, ensure you can access Docker Hub from any workflows you create. To do this:

1. Add your Docker ID as a secret to GitHub. Navigate to your GitHub repository and click Settings > Secrets > New secret.

2. Create a new secret with the name DOCKER_HUB_USERNAME and your Docker ID as value.

3. Create a new Personal Access Token (PAT). To create a new token, go to Docker Hub Settings and then click New Access Token.

4. Let’s call this token simplewhaleci.

5. Now, add this Personal Access Token (PAT) as a second secret into the GitHub secrets UI with the name DOCKER_HUB_ACCESS_TOKEN.

Set up the GitHub Actions workflow

In the previous section, we created a PAT and added it to GitHub to ensure we can access Docker Hub from any workflow. Now, let’s set up our GitHub Actions workflow to build and store our images in Hub. We can achieve this by creating two Docker actions:

1. The first action enables us to log in to Docker Hub using the secrets we stored in the GitHub Repository.
2. The second one is the build and push action.

In this example, let us set the push flag to true as we also want to push. We’ll then add a tag to specify to always go to the latest version. Lastly, we’ll echo the image digest to see what was pushed.

Docker Mac Download Old Version

To set up the workflow:

1. Go to your repository in GitHub and then click Actions > New workflow.
2. Click set up a workflow yourself and add the following content:

First, we will name this workflow:

Then, we will choose when we run this workflow. In our example, we are going to do it for every push against the main branch of our project:

Now, we need to specify what we actually want to happen within our action (what jobs), we are going to add our build one and select that it runs on the latest Ubuntu instances available:

Now, we can add the steps required. The first one checks-out our repository under $GITHUB_WORKSPACE, so our workflow can access it. The second is to use our PAT and username to log into Docker Hub. The third is the Builder, the action uses BuildKit under the hood through a simple Buildx action which we will also setup

Now, let the workflow run for the first time and then tweak the Dockerfile to make sure the CI is running and pushing the new image changes:

Optimizing the workflow

Next, let’s look at how we can optimize the GitHub Actions workflow through build cache. This has two main advantages:

1. Build cache reduces the build time as it will not have to re-download all of the images, and
2. It also reduces the number of pulls we complete against Docker Hub. We need to make use of GitHub cache to make use of this.

Let us set up a Builder with a build cache. First, we need to set up cache for the builder. In this example, let us add the path and keys to store this under using GitHub cache for this.

And lastly, after adding the builder and build cache snippets to the top of the Actions file, we need to add some extra attributes to the build and push step. This involves:

Setting up the builder to use the output of the buildx step, and thenUsing the cache we set up earlier for it to store to and to retrieve

Now, run the workflow again and verify that it uses the build cache.

Push tagged versions to Docker Hub

Earlier, we learnt how to set up a GitHub Actions workflow to a Docker project, how to optimize the workflow by setting up a builder with build cache. Let’s now look at how we can improve it further. We can do this by adding the ability to have tagged versions behave differently to all commits to master. This means, only specific versions are pushed, instead of every commit updating the latest version on Docker Hub.

You can consider this approach to have your commits go to a local registry to then use in nightly tests. By doing this, you can always test what is latest while reserving your tagged versions for release to Docker Hub.

This involves two steps:

1. Modifying the GitHub workflow to only push commits with specific tags to Docker Hub
2. Setting up a GitHub Actions file to store the latest commit as an image in the GitHub registry

First, let us modify our existing GitHub workflow to only push to Hub if there’s a particular tag. For example:

This ensures that the main CI will only trigger if we tag our commits with V.n.n.n. Let’s test this. For example, run the following command:

Now, go to GitHub and check your Actions

Now, let’s set up a second GitHub action file to store our latest commit as an image in the GitHub registry. You may want to do this to:

1. Run your nightly tests or recurring tests, or
2. To share work in progress images with colleagues.

Let’s clone our previous GitHub action and add back in our previous logic for all pushes. This will mean we have two workflow files, our previous one and our new one we will now work on.Next, change your Docker Hub login to a GitHub container registry login:

Remember to change how the image is tagged. The following example keeps ‘latest’ as the only tag. However, you can add any logic to this if you prefer:

Now, we will have two different flows: one for our changes to master, and one for our pull requests. Next, we need to modify what we had before to ensure we are pushing our PRs to the GitHub registry rather than to Docker Hub.

Conclusion

In this guide, you have learnt how to set up GitHub Actions workflow to an existing Docker project, optimize your workflow to improve build times and reduce the number of pull requests, and finally, we learnt how to push only specific versions to Docker Hub.

Next steps

You can now consider setting up nightly tests against the latest tag, test each PR, or do something more elegant with the tags we are using and make use of the Git tag for the same tag in our image.

To look at how you can do one of these, or to get a full example on how to set up what we have accomplished today, check out Chad’s repo which runs you through this and more details on our latest GitHub action.

Estimated reading time: 7 minutes

You can run Compose on macOS, Windows, and 64-bit Linux.

Prerequisites

Docker Compose relies on Docker Engine for any meaningful work, so make sure youhave Docker Engine installed either locally or remote, depending on your setup.

• On desktop systems like Docker Desktop for Mac and Windows, Docker Compose isincluded as part of those desktop installs.

• On Linux systems, first install theDocker Enginefor your OS as described on the Get Docker page, then come back here forinstructions on installing Compose onLinux systems.

• To run Compose as a non-root user, see Manage Docker as a non-root user.

Install Compose

Follow the instructions below to install Compose on Mac, Windows, Windows Server2016, or Linux systems, or find out about alternatives like using the pipPython package manager or installing Compose as a container.

Install a different version

The instructions below outline installation of the current stable release(v1.28.6) of Compose. To install a different version ofCompose, replace the given release number with the one that you want. Composereleases are also listed and available for direct download on theCompose repository release page on GitHub.To install a pre-release of Compose, refer to the install pre-release buildssection.

Install Compose on macOS

Docker Desktop for Mac includes Compose alongwith other Docker apps, so Mac users do not need to install Compose separately.For installation instructions, see Install Docker Desktop on Mac.

Install Compose on Windows desktop systems

Docker Desktop for Windows includes Composealong with other Docker apps, so most Windows users do not need toinstall Compose separately. For install instructions, see Install Docker Desktop on Windows.

If you are running the Docker daemon and client directly on MicrosoftWindows Server, follow the instructions in the Windows Server tab.

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Install Compose on Windows Server

Follow these instructions if you are running the Docker daemon and client directlyon Microsoft Windows Server and want to install Docker Compose.

1. Start an “elevated” PowerShell (run it as administrator).Search for PowerShell, right-click, and chooseRun as administrator. When asked if you want to allow this appto make changes to your device, click Yes.

2. In PowerShell, since GitHub now requires TLS1.2, run the following:

   Then run the following command to download the current stable release ofCompose (v1.28.6):

Note: On Windows Server 2019, you can add the Compose executable to $Env:ProgramFilesDocker. Because this directory is registered in the system PATH, you can run the docker-compose --version command on the subsequent step with no additional configuration.

1. Test the installation.

Install Compose on Linux systems

On Linux, you can download the Docker Compose binary from theCompose repository release page on GitHub.Follow the instructions from the link, which involve running the curl commandin your terminal to download the binaries. These step-by-step instructions arealso included below.

For alpine, the following dependency packages are needed:py-pip, python3-dev, libffi-dev, openssl-dev, gcc, libc-dev, rust, cargo and make.

1. Run this command to download the current stable release of Docker Compose:

   To install a different version of Compose, substitute 1.28.6with the version of Compose you want to use.

   If you have problems installing with curl, seeAlternative Install Options tab above.

2. Apply executable permissions to the binary:

Note: If the command docker-compose fails after installation, check your path.You can also create a symbolic link to /usr/bin or any other directory in your path.

For example:

1. Optionally, install command completion for thebash and zsh shell.

2. Test the installation.

Alternative install options

Install using pip

For alpine, the following dependency packages are needed:py-pip, python3-dev, libffi-dev, openssl-dev, gcc, libc-dev, rust, cargo, and make.

Compose can be installed frompypi using pip. If you installusing pip, we recommend that you use avirtualenv because many operatingsystems have python system packages that conflict with docker-composedependencies. See the virtualenvtutorial to getstarted.

If you are not using virtualenv,

pip version 6.0 or greater is required.

Install as a container

Compose can also be run inside a container, from a small bash script wrapper. Toinstall compose as a container run this command:

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Install pre-release builds

If you’re interested in trying out a pre-release build, you can download releasecandidates from the Compose repository release page on GitHub.Follow the instructions from the link, which involves running the curl commandin your terminal to download the binaries.

Pre-releases built from the “master” branch are also available for download athttps://dl.bintray.com/docker-compose/master/.

Pre-release builds allow you to try out new features before they are released,but may be less stable.

Upgrading

If you’re upgrading from Compose 1.2 or earlier, remove ormigrate your existing containers after upgrading Compose. This is because, as ofversion 1.3, Compose uses Docker labels to keep track of containers, and yourcontainers need to be recreated to add the labels.

If Compose detects containers that were created without labels, it refusesto run, so that you don’t end up with two sets of them. If you want to keep usingyour existing containers (for example, because they have data volumes you wantto preserve), you can use Compose 1.5.x to migrate them with the followingcommand:

Alternatively, if you’re not worried about keeping them, you can remove them.Compose just creates new ones.

Uninstallation

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To uninstall Docker Compose if you installed using curl:

To uninstall Docker Compose if you installed using pip:

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Got a “Permission denied” error?

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If you get a “Permission denied” error using either of the abovemethods, you probably do not have the proper permissions to removedocker-compose. To force the removal, prepend sudo to either of the abovecommands and run again.

Where to go next

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